The effectiveness evaluation of polyvinylidene fluoride screen bioreactors for wastewater treatment has gained considerable interest. These systems offer a promising approach to conventional treatment methods due to their superior removal efficiency of various pollutants. A range of factors, including membrane pore size, operating conditions, and m

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These cutting-edge systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate optimized mass transfer, cellular growth, and product accumulation. This comprehensive review delves into the principles of hollow fiber memb